What is HMPV and should we fear another pandemic? And what are its symptoms

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus that affects people of all ages, but it is most common in young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. It was first discovered in 2001 and is part of the Paramyxoviridae family, which includes other respiratory viruses such as RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) and parainfluenza virus.

HMPV is spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also be spread by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching the face, especially the nose, mouth, or eyes.

Symptoms of HMPV

The symptoms of HMPV are similar to those of other respiratory illnesses, such as the flu or the common cold. They can range from mild to severe and include: fever, cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, wheezing, shortness of breath, fatigue, loss of appetite

In severe cases, HMPV can cause pneumonia or bronchitis, especially in young children, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems. Such cases may require hospitalization.

Should we fear another pandemic?

While HMPV is not new, its similarities to other respiratory viruses raise concerns about its potential to cause widespread illness. Like other respiratory viruses, outbreaks of HMPV tend to occur in late winter and early spring. In some areas, the virus has been known to cause significant outbreaks, especially in healthcare settings.

However, most people who become infected with HMPV experience mild symptoms and recover without serious complications. Preventive measures such as frequent hand washing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and covering the mouth when coughing and sneezing can help reduce the spread of HMPV.

Although there is no specific antiviral treatment for HMPV, supportive care including rest, fluids, and over-the-counter medications to relieve symptoms is usually sufficient for most people. In severe cases, medical care may be needed to manage complications.